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Key Points of Preamble

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  PREAMBLE OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION American Constitution ⟶ 1st to begin with a Preamble N A Palkhivala  ⟶ called preamble as Identity card of constitution Preamble is the introduction/preface to the constitution. It is based on the ‛Objectives Resolution’ ‒drafted and moved by Jawaharlal Nehru. Preamble of Indian constitution was adopted by constituent assembly on Nov 26,1949 and it has been amended by 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act (CAA),1976. Not only amended but also added three sections‒Socialist, Secular and Integrity. So far, the preamble of Indian constitution has been amended only once.  Is Preamble a part of the Constitution? Berubari Union Case(1960): In Berubari Union Case, Supreme Court said that the preamble is not a part of the constitution. So it cannot be amended.   Kesav Nandha Bharathi Case(1973): In Kesav Nandha Bharathi case, Supreme Court stated that the preamble is part of the constitution and rejected the earlier opinion. It can be amend...
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which books are enough for UPSC prelims?

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UPSC‒CSE (Union Public Service Commission‒Civil Service Examination) is the toughest and highly valuable examination in India. You can clear this examination through proper guidelines and persistence of continuous preparation. In this article we suggest some basic and standard book list for UPSC prelims. You can go with some other authors compilation also. Below mentioned book list are not recommended by UPSC. This book list are one of the suggestions for your preparation. UPSC wouldn't recommend any standard books for the examination. GENERAL STUDIES ‒ PRELIMINARY BOOK LIST:   1 .INDIAN HISTORY: Basic Books:  6th to 10th standard NCERT Books Standard Books:   11th and 12th NCERT Books 2. INDIAN POLITY: Basic Books:   6th to 10th NCERT Books, 11th NCERT or Tamil Nadu SCERT Books(New) Standard Books:   M Laxmikanth 3. GEOGRAPHY: Basic and Standard:   6th to 12th NCERT Books or Tamil Nadu SCERT Books(New)               ...
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Earth's Interior

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  The Earth's interior is a lot more complicated than you might think. The interior of the Earth is filled with hot, solid rock that makes up about 80 percent of the planet's mass. The remaining 20 percent is a mixture of water, minerals and gases.  The Earth's interior is divided into different layers―Crust, Mantle & Core.  The crust is the outer layer of the Earth that surrounds its interior.   The mantle is the thickest layer of the Earth's interior.  The crust and upper mantle are made up of material that was once molten but cooled to form solid rock. The core is the third and innermost layer  which comprises of inner core and outer core.  Structure of earth: The Crust: ➤Crust is the outermost or uppermost layer of the Earth's rigid outer shell , where our everyday lives unfold.  A thin layer of solid rock that forms the solid exterior of our planet.   ➤ The crust is made up of two main types of rocks: igneous and sedim...
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