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Key Points of Preamble

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  PREAMBLE OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION American Constitution ⟶ 1st to begin with a Preamble N A Palkhivala  ⟶ called preamble as Identity card of constitution Preamble is the introduction/preface to the constitution. It is based on the ‛Objectives Resolution’ ‒drafted and moved by Jawaharlal Nehru. Preamble of Indian constitution was adopted by constituent assembly on Nov 26,1949 and it has been amended by 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act (CAA),1976. Not only amended but also added three sections‒Socialist, Secular and Integrity. So far, the preamble of Indian constitution has been amended only once.  Is Preamble a part of the Constitution? Berubari Union Case(1960): In Berubari Union Case, Supreme Court said that the preamble is not a part of the constitution. So it cannot be amended.   Kesav Nandha Bharathi Case(1973): In Kesav Nandha Bharathi case, Supreme Court stated that the preamble is part of the constitution and rejected the earlier opinion. It can be amended through article 368 b
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Earth's Interior

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  The Earth's interior is a lot more complicated than you might think. The interior of the Earth is filled with hot, solid rock that makes up about 80 percent of the planet's mass. The remaining 20 percent is a mixture of water, minerals and gases.  The Earth's interior is divided into different layers―Crust, Mantle & Core.  The crust is the outer layer of the Earth that surrounds its interior.   The mantle is the thickest layer of the Earth's interior.  The crust and upper mantle are made up of material that was once molten but cooled to form solid rock. The core is the third and innermost layer  which comprises of inner core and outer core.  Structure of earth: The Crust: ➤Crust is the outermost or uppermost layer of the Earth's rigid outer shell , where our everyday lives unfold.  A thin layer of solid rock that forms the solid exterior of our planet.   ➤ The crust is made up of two main types of rocks: igneous and sedimentary. It is made up of large rocks su
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Union and its Territories

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  UNION AND ITS TERRITORIES Schedule Ⅰ ‒ Article 1 to 4 1. Article 1 ‒ Name and Territory of the Union 2. Article 2 ‒ Admission or Establishment of new states    [ Article 2A ‒ Sikkim to be associated with the Union (Repealed)] 3. Article 3 ‒ Formation of new states and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing states 4. Article 4 ‒ Laws made under Articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and Fourth schedules and supplemental, incidental and consequential maters   Article 1 : Name and Territory of the Union It deals with the name and territory of the Union. For choosing the name of the country there was no unanimity prevailed in the constituent assembly. Some members suggested the traditional name ‘Bharat’ while others suggested the modern name ‘India’. Hence the constituent assembly had decided to adopt a mix of both―‘India, that is, Bharat’. ➣Article 1 describes India―‘Union of States’ rather than a ‘Federation of States’ and it deals with name of the cou
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